Alnustone: A review of its sources, pharmacology, and pharmacokinetics ‏‏

Zahra Salari; Maryam Alavi; Hojjat Rezaii-Zadeh; Abdelhakim Bouyahya; Ammar Alfergah; Sahar Afsari Sardari; Ehsan Amiri-Ardekani

doi:10.2174/0118761429252459231115060139

Alnustone: A review of its sources, pharmacology, and pharmacokinetics ‏‏

Curr Mol Pharmacol. 2024 Jan 26. doi: 10.2174/0118761429252459231115060139. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Zahra Salari¹, Maryam Alavi², Hojjat Rezaii-Zadeh³, Abdelhakim Bouyahya⁴, Ammar Alfergah⁵, Sahar Afsari Sardari⁶, Ehsan Amiri-Ardekani^{3

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Affiliations

¹ Department of Natural Resources, Baft Branch, Islamic Azad University, Baft 78518, Iran.
² Scientific Association of Indigenous Knowledge, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348, Iran.
³ Students Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348, Iran.
⁴ Laboratory of Human Pathology Biology, Faculty of Sciences, and Genomic Center of Human Pathology, Mohammed V University, Rabat 10030, Morocco.
⁵ Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 22233, Saudi Arabia.
⁶ Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Razi University 67144, Kermanshah-Iran.
⁷ Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348, Iran.
⁸ Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348, Iran.

PMID: 38284732
DOI: 10.2174/0118761429252459231115060139

Abstract

Alnustone (4(E)-,6(E)-1,7-Diphenyl-hepta-4,6-dien-3-one) is a non-phenolic natural diarylheptanoid, which was first isolated and identified from the male flower of Alnus pendula (Betulaceae). It can also be isolated from Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb (Zingiberaceae) rhizomes and Alpinia katsumadai Hayata (Zingiberaceae) seeds. It was first synthesized through a five-step process from β-phenyl propionyl chloride. In later years, new methods for synthesizing Alnustone were designed and performed with different yields. Due to the various therapeutic effects exhibited by alnustone like other diarylheptanoids, its biological activities such as antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties have been the subject of many studies. This article has reviewed different aspects of this valuable natural compound, including its natural and synthetic sources, therapeutic effects, and pharmacokinetics as a potential future therapeutic agent.

Keywords: Alnustone; Alternative Medicine; Complementary Medicine; pharmacokinetics; pharmacology; review.