The Era of the FLips: How Spike Mutations L455F and F456L (and A475V) Are Shaping SARS-CoV-2 Evolution

Daniele Focosi; Pietro Giorgio Spezia; Federico Gueli; Fabrizio Maggi

doi:10.3390/v16010003

The Era of the FLips: How Spike Mutations L455F and F456L (and A475V) Are Shaping SARS-CoV-2 Evolution

Viruses. 2023 Dec 19;16(1):3. doi: 10.3390/v16010003.

Authors

Daniele Focosi¹, Pietro Giorgio Spezia², Federico Gueli³, Fabrizio Maggi²

Affiliations

¹ North-Western Tuscany Blood Bank, Pisa University Hospital, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
² National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy.
³ Independent Researcher, 22100 Como, Italy.

Abstract

Convergent evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein has been mostly driven by immune escape, in particular by escape to the viral infection-neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) elicited by previous infections and/or vaccinations [...].

Publication types

Editorial

MeSH terms

Antibodies, Blocking
Antibodies, Neutralizing
Antibodies, Viral
COVID-19*
Humans
Mutation
SARS-CoV-2* / genetics
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus / genetics

Substances

spike protein, SARS-CoV-2
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
Antibodies, Blocking
Antibodies, Neutralizing
Antibodies, Viral

Grants and funding

This research received no external funding.