Endovascular Embolization Techniques for Cerebrospinal Fluid-Venous Fistula in the Treatment of Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension

Abstract

Cerebrospinal fluid-venous fistula (CVF) is an important cause of spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH), a condition characterized by low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume and orthostatic headaches. The pathogenesis of CVF is thought to be direct connection of the spinal dura to one or more veins in the epidural space, allowing unregulated flow of CSF into the venous system. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of the endovascular management of CVF in patients with SIH. We also focus on the various techniques and devices used in endovascular treatment, as well as the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and alternative treatment options of CVF.

Keywords: Cerebrospinal fluid-venous fistula; Endovascular embolization; Spontaneous intracranial hypotension.