Macrophages are a key player to regulate rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis from onset to remission. They can alter innate functions under microenvironmental conditions. To understand heterogeneous functions of macrophages in rheumatoid arthritis, several activated statuses of macrophages should be mimicked in vitro. Here, we describe basic protocols for macrophage polarization and osteoclast differentiation.
Keywords: Bone marrow-derived macrophages; Cellular metabolism; M1/M2 macrophages; Osteoclasts.
© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.