Surgical and per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) for the treatment of primary esophageal motility disorders: A systematic analysis of current trends in Germany between 2011 and 2019

PLoS One. 2024 Jan 23;19(1):e0297265. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297265. eCollection 2024.

Abstract

Background/aims: While surgery remains a standard treatment for primary esophageal motility disorders (PEMDs), per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) has recently evolved as an alternative. Systematic data on current trends of invasive procedures for PEMDs in Germany are missing.

Methods: Hospital discharge data were used to evaluate trends and mortality of invasive treatment options for PEMDs in Germany between 2011 and 2019.

Results: 4543 cases of PEMDs (achalasia: n = 4349, dyskinesia of the esophagus: n = 194) receiving open surgery (n = 200), minimal invasive surgery (n = 2366), or POEM (n = 1977) were identified. The relative proportion of POEM significantly increased from 10.9% (2011) to 65.7% (2019). Hospital mortality was 0.2%. The median duration of mechanical ventilation was significantly lower in POEM patients (29.4 hours) compared to open (274.0 hours) or minimal invasive (91.9 hours) surgery. The duration of hospitalization was lowest among POEM patients (5.7 days) compared to surgical procedures (13.7 and 7.7 days).

Conclusion: While the low in-hospital mortality of all procedures combined confirms the solid safety profile of invasive procedures in general, our findings show that POEM has the lowest duration of mechanical ventilation and hospitalization compared to invasive surgical options.

MeSH terms

  • Digestive System Surgical Procedures*
  • Dyskinesias*
  • Esophageal Motility Disorders*
  • Germany
  • Humans
  • Myotomy*

Grants and funding

Work in the laboratory of T. Lu. was funded by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program through the ERC Consolidator Grant PhaseControl (Grant Agreement 771083). The laboratory of T. Lu. was further funded by the German Cancer Aid (Deutsche Krebshilfe – 110043), the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – 403224013, 279874820, 461704932, 440603844, the German Ministry of Health (BMG – DEEP LIVER 2520DAT111) and support from the Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.