Extracellular vesicles and exosome-like nanovesicles as pioneering oral drug delivery systems

Jagannath Mondal; Shameer Pillarisetti; Vijayabhaskarreddy Junnuthula; Sachin S Surwase; Seung Rim Hwang; In-Kyu Park; Yong-Kyu Lee

doi:10.3389/fbioe.2023.1307878

Extracellular vesicles and exosome-like nanovesicles as pioneering oral drug delivery systems

Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2024 Jan 8:11:1307878. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1307878. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Jagannath Mondal^#¹, Shameer Pillarisetti^#², Vijayabhaskarreddy Junnuthula^#³, Sachin S Surwase⁴, Seung Rim Hwang⁵, In-Kyu Park², Yong-Kyu Lee^{1

6}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Green Bioengineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju, Republic of Korea.
² Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Science Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
³ Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
⁴ Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
⁵ College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
⁶ Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju, Republic of Korea.

^# Contributed equally.

Abstract

As extracellular vesicle (EV)-based nanotechnology has developed rapidly, it has made unprecedented opportunities for nanomedicine possible. EVs and exosome-like nanovesicles (ELNVs) are natural nanocarriers with unique structural, compositional, and morphological characteristics that provide excellent physical, chemical, and biochemical properties. In this literature, we examine the characteristics of EVs, including how they are administered orally and their therapeutic activity. According to the current examples of EVs and ELNVs for oral delivery, milk and plant EVs can exert therapeutic effects through their protein, nucleic acid, and lipid components. Furthermore, several methods for loading drugs into exosomes and targeting exosomes have been employed to investigate their therapeutic capability. Moreover, we discuss EVs as potential drug carriers and the potential role of ELNVs for disease prevention and treatment or as potential drug carriers in the future. In conclusion, the issues associated with the development of EVs and ELNVs from sources such as milk and plants, as well as concerns with standardized applications of these EVs, are discussed.

Keywords: drug delivery; exosome-like nanovesicles (ELNVs); extracellular vesicles; milk exosomes; oral administration; therapeutic applications.

Publication types

Review

Grants and funding

The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This work was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIT) (No. 2021R1A2C2095113) (PI: Y-KL). This research was also supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), funded by the Ministry of Education (No. 2021R1A6A1A03046418) (PI: Y-KL). This research was also supported by a National Research Foundation (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (NRF 2020R1A2C2005620, 2020R1A5A2031185).