De-escalating treatment indications for patients who achieve metabolic goals

Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2024 Feb:208:111096. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111096. Epub 2024 Jan 18.

Abstract

Introduction: Robust evidence exists regarding initiation, intensification or modification of treatments. Recommendations to de-escalate therapy are lacking, specifically in diabetes. A successful treatment de-intensification reduces overtreatment, polypharmacy, and risk of adverse effects.

Objective: To encompass current recommendations for deprescribing common drugs and create a consensus among health professionals.

Methods: We reviewed four databases for deprescribing approaches published between 2010 and 2022. Articles were divided into different groups of drugs (for uric-acid, hypoglycemic, lipid-lowering, and psychotropic drugs).

Results: Hypoglycemic agents: strategies were limited to newer agents and insulin regimens for elderly individuals. Reducing insulin was associated with 1.1% reduction of A1c over time. SGLT2i and GLP-1RAs dose reduction depends on adverse events. Lipid-lowering agents: studies show that patients with very low cholesterol have fewer cardiovascular events without associated increased risk. Antihypertensive agents: Younger patients, lower systolic blood pressure, and few comorbidities are ideal characteristics for discontinuation. Uric acid therapy: we found no recommendation for dose de-escalation. Poor treatment adherence is associated with episodes of gout and deforming arthritis in the long term.

Conclusion: Deprescribing hypoglycemic, statins, antihypertensives, and urate-lowering agents may be feasible in selected patients, but periodic surveillance is important. More evidence is necessary to support this decision entirely.

Keywords: De-escalating; De-intensification; Diabetes; Dyslipidemia; Metabolic control; Uric acid.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Antihypertensive Agents / therapeutic use
  • Diabetes Mellitus* / drug therapy
  • Goals*
  • Humans
  • Hypoglycemic Agents / therapeutic use
  • Insulin / therapeutic use
  • Lipids

Substances

  • Hypoglycemic Agents
  • Antihypertensive Agents
  • Insulin
  • Lipids