A sensitive sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor using nitrogen-doped graphene/metal-organic framework-derived CuMnCoOx and Au/MXene for the detection of breast cancer biomarker

Rajalakshmi Sakthivel; Yu-Chien Lin; Min-Chin Yu; Udesh Dhawan; Xinke Liu; Jung-Chih Chen; Ching-Wei Tung; Ren-Jei Chung

doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113755

A sensitive sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor using nitrogen-doped graphene/metal-organic framework-derived CuMnCoO_x and Au/MXene for the detection of breast cancer biomarker

Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2024 Feb:234:113755. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113755. Epub 2024 Jan 13.

Authors

Rajalakshmi Sakthivel¹, Yu-Chien Lin², Min-Chin Yu¹, Udesh Dhawan³, Xinke Liu⁴, Jung-Chih Chen⁵, Ching-Wei Tung⁶, Ren-Jei Chung⁷

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), Taipei, Taiwan.
² Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
³ Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, Division of Biomedical Engineering, James Watt School of Engineering, Mazumdar-Shaw Advanced Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
⁴ College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chinese Engineering and Research Institute of Microelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
⁵ Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Catholic Mercy Hospital, Catholic Mercy Medical Foundation, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Medical Device Innovation & Translation Centre, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: george@nycu.edu.tw.
⁶ Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan. Electronic address: chingweitung@mail.mcut.edu.tw.
⁷ Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), Taipei, Taiwan; High-value Biomaterials Research and Commercialization Center, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: rjchung@ntut.edu.tw.

PMID: 38241894
DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113755

Abstract

In terms of cancer-related deaths among women, breast cancer (BC) is the most common. Clinically, human epidermal growth receptor 2 (HER2) is one of the most commonly used diagnostic biomarkers for facilitating BC cell proliferation and malignant growth. In this study, a disposable gold electrode (DGE) modified with gold nanoparticle-decorated Ti₃C₂T_x (Au/MXene) was utilized as a sensing platform to immobilize the capturing antibody (Ab₁/Au/MXene). Subsequently, nitrogen-doped graphene (NG) with a metal-organic framework (MOF)-derived copper-manganese-cobalt oxide, tagged as NG/CuMnCoO_x, was used as a probe to label the detection antibody (Ab₂). A sandwich-type immunosensor (NG/CuMnCoO_x/Ab₂/HER2-ECD /Ab₁/Au/MXene/DGE) was developed to quantify HER2-ECD. NG/CuMnCoO_x enhances the conductivity, electrocatalytic active sites, and surface area to immobilize Ab₂. In addition, Au/MXene facilitates electron transport and captures more Ab₁ on its surface. Under optimal conditions, the resultant immunosensor displayed an excellent linear range of 0.0001 to 50.0 ng. mL^-1. The detection limit was 0.757 pg·mL^-1 with excellent selectivity, appreciable reproducibility, and high stability. Moreover, the applicability for determining HER2-ECD in human serum samples indicates its ability to monitor tumor markers clinically.

Keywords: Breast cancer biomarker HER2-ECD; N-doped graphene; Sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor; Ti(3)C(2)T(x) MXene; Trimetallic oxide CuMnCoO(x).

MeSH terms

Antibodies, Immobilized / chemistry
Biomarkers, Tumor
Biosensing Techniques*
Breast Neoplasms* / diagnosis
Electrochemical Techniques
Female
Gold / chemistry
Graphite* / chemistry
Humans
Immunoassay
Limit of Detection
Manganese Compounds*
Metal Nanoparticles* / chemistry
Metal-Organic Frameworks* / chemistry
Nitrites*
Oxides*
Reproducibility of Results
Transition Elements*

Substances

Biomarkers, Tumor
Graphite
Metal-Organic Frameworks
Gold
MXene
manganese oxide
Antibodies, Immobilized
Nitrites
Oxides
Manganese Compounds
Transition Elements