Ameliorative effects of vitamins-loaded flavoured nanophytosomes fortified with star anise volatile oil against CsA-Induced liver and kidney injury in rats: Application in functional ice cream

Manal M Ramadan; Rasha S Mohamed; Amal G Hussien; Ola A M Mohawed; Ahmed M Mabrouk; Abeer E Mahmoud; Kadry Z Ghanem; Tamer M El-Messery

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23894

Ameliorative effects of vitamins-loaded flavoured nanophytosomes fortified with star anise volatile oil against CsA-Induced liver and kidney injury in rats: Application in functional ice cream

Heliyon. 2023 Dec 19;10(1):e23894. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23894. eCollection 2024 Jan 15.

Authors

Manal M Ramadan¹, Rasha S Mohamed², Amal G Hussien³, Ola A M Mohawed⁴, Ahmed M Mabrouk⁵, Abeer E Mahmoud³, Kadry Z Ghanem², Tamer M El-Messery⁶

Affiliations

¹ Chemistry of Flavour and Aroma Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
² Nutrition and Food Sciences Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
³ Biochemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre. Cairo, Egypt.
⁴ Hormones Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre. Cairo, Egypt.
⁵ Dairy Science Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
⁶ International Research Centre "Biotechnologies of the Third Millennium", ITMO University, St. Petersburg, 191002, Russia.

Abstract

This study investigated the effect of flavoured nanophytosomes loaded with vitamins A, E, D, B complex, folic acid, and C, as well as zinc on the immunosuppressive cyclosporin A (CsA)-induced liver and kidney injury in male rats. The vitamins flavoured nanophytosomes (VFnPs) were characterized in terms of particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency. Ice cream was flavoured with star anise volatile oil to mask the VFnPs' flavour and unacceptable taste. The study found that treatment with CsA alone resulted in increased (P > 0.05) levels of creatinine, urea, and MDA, as well as the activities of AST and ALT, while the levels of SOD, CAT, GST, proteins, CD4, INF-ᵧ, IL-6, IL-1β, and TLR4 decreased (P > 0.05). However, the group that received CsA simultaneously with VFnPs showed a significant (P > 0.05) decrease in the levels of creatinine, urea, and MDA, as well as the activities of AST and ALT, and increased (P > 0.05) levels of SOD, CAT, GST, proteins, CD4, INF-ᵧ, IL-6, IL-1β, and TLR4. The increase in the ratio of VFnPs had little effect on the physiochemical and sensory evaluation of the ice cream. Finally, the study suggests that VFnPs could potentially protect against CsA-induced liver and kidney injury and serve as a promising natural therapy for treating such conditions.

Keywords: Flavoured nanophytosome; Ice cream; Immune system; Phytosome encapsulation; Star anise; Vitamins.