Effectiveness of Chitosan versus Natural Aloe Vera on Candida Adherence in Denture Soft Lining Material

Muhammad Rizwan Memon; Hina Memon; Mehwish Shoro; Humera Bhurgri; Rakhi Issrani; Azhar Iqbal; Osama Khattak; Mosa Altassan; Afaf A Almabadi; Sherif El Sayed Sultan; Hussein Abdelfatth Ismail; Muhammad Nadeem Baig; Namdeo Prabhu

doi:10.1155/2024/9918914

Effectiveness of Chitosan versus Natural Aloe Vera on Candida Adherence in Denture Soft Lining Material

Scientifica (Cairo). 2024 Jan 8:2024:9918914. doi: 10.1155/2024/9918914. eCollection 2024.

Authors

Muhammad Rizwan Memon^{1

2}, Hina Memon², Mehwish Shoro², Humera Bhurgri², Rakhi Issrani^{3

4}, Azhar Iqbal⁵, Osama Khattak⁵, Mosa Altassan⁶, Afaf A Almabadi⁶, Sherif El Sayed Sultan^{1

7}, Hussein Abdelfatth Ismail⁸, Muhammad Nadeem Baig³, Namdeo Prabhu⁹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.
² Department of Prosthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan.
³ Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Department of Research Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
⁵ Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.
⁶ Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
⁷ Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
⁸ Department of Prosthodontics, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
⁹ Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract

Background: Soft denture lining materials act as a cushion between the denture base and tissues. Alongside having many advantages, its main problem is candida growth due to its rubbery and porous texture. Many interventions have been performed to halt the growth of candida within soft lining materials such as the use of antifungal therapy and strict oral and denture hygiene but there are consequences such as recurrence, drug resistance, and toxicity related to these interventions. Since natural agents such as aloe vera and chitosan have been proven to have antibacterial and antifungal properties with minimum adverse effects, this study aimed to study the effectiveness of chitosan and aloe vera powders incorporated within denture soft lining materials against candida adherence. Methodology. A total of 60 soft-lining material samples were prepared that were equally divided into three groups, viz., group 1 (chitosan incorporation), group 2 (aloe vera incorporation), and group 3 (control). Candida was obtained from the microbiology lab to form a candidal suspension, diluted in 0.9% NaCl to match the McFarland standard bacteriologic solution. Samples were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours in test tubes containing 100 mL of the candidal suspension and 9.9 mL of the previously prepared Sabouraud dextrose agar. Crystal violet stain was used to stain the adhering cells by fixing them with methanol 80%. For each sample, the adhering candida cells were counted on three standard fields by using an inverted light microscope, and the mean of those fields was recorded.

Results: The mean value for samples containing aloe vera was 41.15, while the mean values for samples containing chitosan and the control group were 16.05 and 79.1, respectively. Of all the three groups, aloe vera powder had a significant efficacy against candida growth as compared to the chitosan and control groups (P value = 0.001).

Conclusion: Both herbal agents were effective against candida growth. In comparison, aloe vera was more effective against candida growth compared to chitosan.