Introduction and importance: Second branchial cysts are benign dysembryological cystic tumors that develop in the antero-lateral part of the neck. They represent 2 % of laterocervical tumors of the neck and are usually diagnosed before adulthood. The cysts can increase in size and cause multiple complications. Ultrasound and MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) confirm their cystic nature. Treatment consists of surgical excision.
Case presentation: We report the case of a 31-year-old woman who presented with a left laterocervical swelling measuring 8 cm, which had been present for 18 months without any other associated symptoms. An exploratory cervicotomy was performed, and the histological diagnosis was a second branchial cleft cyst without signs of malignancy.
Clinical discussion: The definitive diagnosis of a second branchial cleft cyst is confirmed by anatomopathological examination. Therapeutic management is always surgical and should be performed as early as possible to limit the risk of complications.
Conclusion: Second branchial cleft cysts are relatively uncommon malformations. Diagnosis is suspected based on physical examination, guided by imaging data, and confirmed by anatomopathological examination. Treatment is surgical, with complete removal of the cyst being necessary to prevent recurrence.
Keywords: Branchial apparatus; Case report; Cervicotomy; MRI; Second branchial cleft cyst.
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