Study background and objectives: There is great disparity in mucosal recovery among celiac patients on a gluten-free diet. We report a study to identify associated factors.
Methods: Celiac patient cases were collected that had positive celiac serology and villous atrophy at diagnosis, and had undergone a control biopsy after at least 12 months of follow-up.
Results: We included 70 celiac patients. They had experienced symptoms for 9.05 ± 9.48 years before being diagnosed. After follow-up for 2.93 ± 1.94 years, 34.3 % had complete mucosal recovery and 57.1 % had partial mucosal recovery. In the comparative analysis we found no relationship between mucosal recovery and sex, age, clinical manifestations or follow-up time from diagnosis to second biopsy. Time with clinical manifestations before diagnosis was associated with a worse outcome: 2.64 years in patients with full recovery, 4.61 years in patients with partial recovery, and 14.26 years in patients with persistent villous atrophy. Higher transglutaminase antibody titers both at diagnosis and during follow-up were associated with poorer histologic outcomes. We observed higher mucosal recovey rates in patients with mild atrophy versus severe atrophy at diagnosis.
Conclusions: In spite of gluten-free diet a significant proportion of patients have persistent histologic changes. Time with clinical manifestations before diagnosis is key for histological severity and recovery.