ALCAM is a biomarker of tumor aggressiveness and worse prognosis in glottic laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma

Head Neck. 2024 Apr;46(4):785-796. doi: 10.1002/hed.27635. Epub 2024 Jan 9.

Abstract

Background: Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is the second most frequent head and neck tumor. Prognosis of patients with LSCC has not improved in recent decades, showing a need for the identification of prognostic biomarkers and new therapeutic targets. Recently, we showed that ALCAM overexpression was associated with glottic LSCC prognosis.

Objectives and methods: Aiming to validate the prognostic value of ALCAM, we evaluate the ALCAM protein levels by immunohistochemistry in 263 glottic LSCC surgically treated with neck dissection.

Results: ALCAM was expressed in 48.7% and overexpressed in 36.5% of glottic LSCC samples. ALCAM overexpression was associated with lymph node metastasis (p = 0.030), lymphovascular involvement (p = 0.0002), high-grade tumors (p = 0.025), and tumor relapse (p = 0.043). Multivariate survival analyses showed an overfitting between ALCAM overexpression and lymph node metastasis as a prognostic variable.

Conclusions: High ALCAM expression was associated with an aggressive glottic LSCC profile.

Keywords: ALCAM expression; laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma; prognostic biomarker.

MeSH terms

  • Activated-Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule
  • Biomarkers, Tumor / metabolism
  • Carcinoma, Squamous Cell*
  • Head and Neck Neoplasms* / surgery
  • Humans
  • Laryngeal Neoplasms*
  • Lymphatic Metastasis
  • Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / pathology
  • Prognosis
  • Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck

Substances

  • Activated-Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule
  • Biomarkers, Tumor
  • ALCAM protein, human