Clinical and imaging features of patients with late-onset myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease

Abstract

Background: There is an age-dependent change in the clinical phenotype of Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD). However, the clinical features of late-onset MOGAD have not been well described.

Methods: Clinical data of 110 MOGAD patients, including 21 late-onset patients with onset age greater than or equal to 50 years old were retrospectively analyzed.

Results: Compared to pediatric- and younger adult-onset ones, late-onset MOGAD patients experienced milder disease onset (p < 0.001), more monophasic course (p < 0.001), fewer relapses (p = 0.007), less cerebrospinal fluid leukocytosis (p = 0.021), less longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (onset p = 0.026, whole course p = 0.028), fewer lesions in basal ganglia (whole course p = 0.012), thalamus (whole course p = 0.040) and cerebellum (whole course p = 0.028). However, they had more cerebral symptoms (p = 0.021 onset and whole course), more lesions in white matter (onset p = 0.005, whole course p < 0.001) and periventricular area (onset p = 0.026), along with longer and delayed therapeutic intervention (p < 0.001). The main differences in clinical characteristics between late-onset patients with and without these brain involvements might be comorbidities.

Conclusions: Late-onset MOGAD are more likely to experience delayed diagnosis. Brain involvement may be modulated by comorbidities of the elderly, which alter the clinical manifestations of late-onset MOGAD.

Keywords: Comorbidities; Late-onset; Multiple sclerosis; Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease; Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders.