Leveraging Endogenous Pain Modulation for Analgesia

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
• ² Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Anesthesiology Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California.