Multicomponent polymerization (MCP) is an innovative field related to polymer-based chemistry that offers numerous advantages derived from multicomponent reactions (MCRs). One of the key advantages of MCP is its ability to achieve high efficiency. Additionally, MCP offers other advantages, including operational simplicity, mild reaction conditions, and atom economy. MCP is a versatile technique that is used for synthesizing a wide range of analogs from several classes of heterocyclic compounds. The ring structures of heterocyclic polymers give them different mechanical, photophysical, and electrical properties to other types of polymers. Because of their unique properties, heterocyclic polymers have been widely utilized in various significant applications. MCRs are a type of chemical reaction that can be used to synthesize a wide variety of compounds in a single pot, which allows researchers to quickly assemble libraries of compounds. The development of MCPs from MCRs has made it easier to access a library of polymers with tunable structures. However, MCPs related to alkynes or acetylene triple bonds have more potential. In this review study, we provide an overview of the synthesis of heteroatom-functional polymers and alkyne-based development or other reactions such as Cu-catalyzed, catalyst-free, MCCP, MCTPs, green monomers, A3 coupling reactions, Passerini reactions, and sequence- and controlled-multicomponent polymerization. The up-to-date progress provides a convenient and efficient kind of approach related to heteroatoms and MCP synthesis, and perspectives in terms of future directions are also discussed in the study.
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