The stepping test, and infrared depth sensor, provide reliable measures of balance in community-dwelling older adults

Abstract

[Purpose] The purpose was to examine relationships between variables characterizing the 20-second stepping test movement pattern, assessed with an infrared depth sensor (Kinect^TM), and measurements of dynamic and static balance. [Participants and Methods] A total of 27 independent-living, older adults (7 males and 20 females) participated in this study. For each participant, the stepping test total movement distance, movement displacement, knee movement distance, and step number were calculated from Kinect closed joint-point coordinate data. Dynamic and static balance were assessed using a NeuroCom Balance Master Platform system. [Results] The stepping test total movement distance had a moderate negative correlation with endpoint excursion (r=-0.469) and a moderate positive correlation with total movement distance, corrected for knee movement distance (r=0.557). Step numbers had a moderate negative correlation with stepping test total movement distance (r=-0.667) and total movement distance, corrected for knee movement distance (r=-0.531). Division into high and low-balance sub-groups (based on endpoint excursion or sway velocity scores) revealed that stepping test total movement distances and movement displacements were greater, and step numbers were fewer, in low balance groups. [Conclusion] The stepping test, combined with a Kinect^TM-assessed movement pattern provides a simple, objective, reliable means for assessing balance in community-dwelling, independent-living older adults.

Keywords: 20-sec stepping test; Dynamic balance; Static balance.