Hand Hygiene Knowledge and Perception Survey for Healthcare Workers in Government Hospitals (GHs) in Bahrain

Saleh F Sowar Sr; Rommel Acunin; Harold C Cabanalan; Tamer T Abo Arisheh; Safa Alkhawaja

doi:10.7759/cureus.50126

Hand Hygiene Knowledge and Perception Survey for Healthcare Workers in Government Hospitals (GHs) in Bahrain

Cureus. 2023 Dec 7;15(12):e50126. doi: 10.7759/cureus.50126. eCollection 2023 Dec.

Authors

Saleh F Sowar Sr¹, Rommel Acunin¹, Harold C Cabanalan¹, Tamer T Abo Arisheh¹, Safa Alkhawaja²

Affiliations

¹ Infection Prevention and Control, Government Hospitals, Manama, BHR.
² Medicine, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, BHR.

Abstract

Introduction and aim Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are a serious concern in all healthcare facilities as they may lead to many serious consequences, like prolonged hospitalization, increased mortality and morbidity, and extra costs. Effective hand hygiene (HH) is the primary proven measure known to be effective in reducing the risk of HAIs in all healthcare settings. This study aimed to measure the healthcare workers' (HCWs) knowledge and perception of HH at government hospitals (GHs) in Bahrain. Subjects and methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among HCWs working in GHs in the Kingdom of Bahrain. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed among the targeted population using a Google survey (Google LLC, California, USA). The questionnaire includes socio-demographic data (e.g., age, gender, nationality, etc.) and a validated WHO questionnaire measuring perceptions and knowledge toward HH. Results Of the 285 HCWs, 75.4% were females, and 48.1% were aged between 31 and 40 years old. The overall mean perception was 35.9 (SD 6.93) out of 42 points, with nearly 80% of HCWs considered to have good perception levels. The overall mean knowledge score was 11.4 (SD 1.37) out of 14 points. Accordingly, 75.4% were considered to have good knowledge levels. Factors associated with increased perception include increasing age, female gender, non-Bahraini, being a nurse with increasing years of working experience, and receiving formal training in HH. Being a nurse was the sole significant predictor of increased knowledge. Conclusion The knowledge and perception of HH among HCWs were sufficient. Being a nurse was a significant predictor of both knowledge and perception. Further, a significant positive correlation was noted between the knowledge and perception scores. Maintaining the level of knowledge and perception of HH could lead to improved HH compliance among HCWs.

Keywords: bahrain; hand hygiene; hand hygiene compliance; healthcare worker perception; healthcare workers; infection prevention and control; knowledge; knowledge assessment; perception; who guidelines.