C3-Spirooxindoles: Divergent chemical synthesis and bioactivities (2018-2023)

Mohamed H Helal; Medhat E Owda; Amal T Mogharbel; Ali Hamzah Alessa; Noha Omer; Mahmoud A Abdelaziz; Islam Ibrahim; Essam M Eliwa

doi:10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.107091

C₃-Spirooxindoles: Divergent chemical synthesis and bioactivities (2018-2023)

Bioorg Chem. 2024 Feb:143:107091. doi: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.107091. Epub 2024 Jan 4.

Authors

Mohamed H Helal¹, Medhat E Owda², Amal T Mogharbel³, Ali Hamzah Alessa³, Noha Omer³, Mahmoud A Abdelaziz³, Islam Ibrahim⁴, Essam M Eliwa⁵

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Northern Border University, Rafha, 91911, PO 840, Saudi Arabia.
² Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Cairo, Egypt.
³ Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
⁵ Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Cairo, Egypt; Institute of Chemistry of Strasbourg, UMR 7177-LCSOM, CNRS, Strasbourg University, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France. Electronic address: essameliwa85@azhar.edu.eg.

PMID: 38183683
DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.107091

Abstract

This scientific review documents the recent progress of C₃-spirooxindoles chemistry (synthesis and reaction mechanism) and their bioactivities, focusing on the promising results as well as highlighting the biological mechanism via the reported molecular docking findings of the most bioactive derivatives. C₃-Spirooxindoles are attractive bioactive agents and have been found in a variety of natural compounds, including alkaloids. They are widely investigated in the field of medicinal chemistry and play a key role in medication development, such as antivirals, anticancer agents, antimicrobials, etc. Regarding organic synthesis, several traditional and advanced strategies have been reported, particularly those that started with isatin derivatives.

Keywords: Bioactivity; Chemical synthesis; Molecular docking; Reaction mechanism; Spirooxindole.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Benzopyrans*
Molecular Docking Simulation
Nitriles*
Oxindoles / chemistry
Oxindoles / pharmacology
Spiro Compounds* / chemistry
Spiro Compounds* / pharmacology
Spirooxindoles*

Substances

spirooxindole
Spirooxindoles
Spiro Compounds
Oxindoles
Benzopyrans
Nitriles