Molecular biology of canine parainfluenza virus V protein and its potential applications in tumor immunotherapy

Huai Cheng; Hewei Zhang; Huanchang Cai; Min Liu; Shubo Wen; Jingqiang Ren

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1282112

Molecular biology of canine parainfluenza virus V protein and its potential applications in tumor immunotherapy

Front Microbiol. 2023 Dec 20:14:1282112. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1282112. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Huai Cheng^#¹, Hewei Zhang^#^{2

3}, Huanchang Cai¹, Min Liu¹, Shubo Wen⁴, Jingqiang Ren^{1

3}

Affiliations

¹ Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China.
² College of Food and Drugs, Luoyang Polytechnic, Luoyang, China.
³ Animal Diseases and Public Health Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, Luoyang, China.
⁴ Preventive Veterinary Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China.

^# Contributed equally.

Abstract

Canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV) is a zoonotic virus that is widely distributed and is the main pathogen causing canine infectious respiratory disease (CIRD), also known as "kennel cough," in dogs. The CPIV-V protein is the only nonstructural protein of the virus and plays an important role in multiple stages of the virus life cycle by inhibiting apoptosis, altering the host cell cycle and interfering with the interferon response. In addition, studies have shown that the V protein has potential applications in the field of immunotherapy in oncolytic virus therapy or self-amplifying RNA vaccines. In this review, the biosynthesis, structural characteristics and functions of the CPIV-V protein are reviewed with an emphasis on how it facilitates viral immune escape and its potential applications in the field of immunotherapy. Therefore, this review provides a scientific basis for research into the CPIV-V protein and its potential applications.

Keywords: V protein; canine parainfluenza virus; immune escape; molecular mechanism; structure; tumor immunotherapy; viral replication.

Publication types

Review

Grants and funding

The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This research was funded by the Youth Growth Technology Project of Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Development Program (no. 20210508019RQ) and the Start-Up Research Fund from Wenzhou University (no. QD2023014).