The role of operators in sustainable whale-watching tourism: Proposing a continuous training framework

PLoS One. 2024 Jan 2;19(1):e0296241. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296241. eCollection 2024.

Abstract

Whale watching is considered a form of green tourism, but can affect marine ecosystems, impacting cetaceans' behavior and potentially increasing acoustic pollution. A more sustainable whale-watching practice should employ a comprehensive approach involving all stakeholders, but whale-watching operators are rarely involved. We propose a method to assess whale-watching operators' perceptions regarding the possible effects of their activity on marine fauna and preferred mitigation solutions, by means of online questionnaires and website communication strategies. Results from Canadian whale-watching operators show that they observe regulations regarding distance to whales but only partially perceive general vessels' impacts on fauna. Three recognized whale-watching experts identify the need for continuous training targeted at operators, which should include the impacts on marine ecosystems. A continuous training framework is proposed that targets whale-watching operators in addition to tourists, and involves scientists in several steps of the approach. This study serves as a starting point to involve operators' in order to advance towards a sustainable whale-watching tourism.

MeSH terms

  • Acoustics
  • Animals
  • Canada
  • Ecosystem*
  • Tourism
  • Whales*

Grants and funding

AA acknowledges support from the National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, the University of Trieste, JASCO Applied Science. AS acknowledges support from the Swedish Research Council for Sustainable Development Formas (grant 2022-00329). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.