Objective: Nonadherence to tuberculosis (pulmonary TB) medication poses a serious threat to the increase in new cases, prevention of transmission, and control of pulmonary TB. The health behavior of patients with pulmonary TB regarding medication adherence is an extremely important issue to investigate. This review aimed to identify the available literature on professional interventions and important determinants for improving adherence to pulmonary TB medication based on a health belief model (HBM).
Materials and methods: To identify the determinants and professional treatment outcomes that affect adherence to pulmonary TB medication improvement, the following electronic databases were searched: MEDLINE, PROQUEST, EBSCO, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. This review was carried out following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The full texts were reviewed if they met the following inclusion criteria (1) the articles were written in English, (2) relevant, and (3) the publication years of the studies ranged from 2015 to 2022.
Results: A total of 2,322 pieces of literature met the screening criteria: 47 articles met the full-text review criteria, 39 articles were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria, and eight articles were reviewed. Perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived obstacles, perceived benefits, and self-efficacy are determinants of patient health beliefs that contribute to medication adherence. Psychological counseling, pulmonary tuberculosis education, motivational interviews, and hypnosis are all effective professional interventions for improving medication adherence.
Conclusions: Perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived obstacles, perceived benefits, and self-efficacy were the key determinants for improving adherence to pulmonary TB medication. The finding suggests a professional intervention for patients to improve medication adherence and psychological counseling, pulmonary tuberculosis education, motivational interviews, and hypnosis to improve medication adherence.