1 State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
2 State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. Electronic address: shichang.kang@lzb.ac.cn.
3 State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
4 College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
5 School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham 200003, UK.
6 School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham 200003, UK; Ocean Frontiers Institute, Dalhousie University, Halifax B3H 4R2, Canada.
7 Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar-und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven D-27515, Germany.