Objective: To explore the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) related to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of 11 children with MIS-C, who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics of Peking University First Hospital from December 2022 to January 2023. Clinical characteristics, treatment, and follow-up of MIS-C were summarized in this study. Results: The 11 cases contained 7 boys and 4 girls, with an age of 4.4 (2.0, 5.5) years on admission. All the patients had fever, with a duration of 7(5, 9) days. Other clinical manifestations included rash in 7 cases, conjunctival hyperemia in 5 cases, red lips and raspberry tongue in 3 cases, lymphadenopathy in 3 cases, and swollen fingers and toes in 2 cases. There were 8 cases of digestive symptoms, 8 cases of respiratory symptoms, and 3 cases of nervous system symptoms. Eight patients had multi-system injuries, and one of them had shock presentation. All 11 patients were infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BF.7 variant. The laboratory examination results showed that all cases had elevated inflammatory indicators, abnormal coagulation function and myocardial damage. Six patients had elevated white blood cell counts, 5 cases had liver function abnormalities, 3 cases had kidney function abnormalities, and 8 cases had coronary artery involvement. All 11 patients received anti-infection treatment, of which 3 cases received only 2 g/kg intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), while the remaining 8 cases received a combination of IVIG and 2 mg/(kg·d) methylprednisolone. Among the 8 cases with coronary artery disease, 6 cases received low molecular weight heparin anticoagulation therapy. All patients were followed up in 2 weeks after being discharged, and their inflammatory markers had returned to normal by that time. The 8 cases with coronary artery disease and 3 cases with pneumonia showed significant improvement or back to normal at the 4-week follow-up. All patients had no new complications or comorbidities during follow-up of more than 3 months. Conclusions: MIS-C may present with Kawasaki disease-like symptoms, with or without gastrointestinal, neurological, or respiratory symptoms. Elevated inflammatory markers, abnormal coagulation function, and cardiac injury contribute to the diagnosis of MIS-C. IVIG and methylprednisolone were the primary treatments for MIS-C, and a favorable short-term prognosis was observed during a follow-up period of more than 3 months.
目的： 探讨新型冠状病毒Omicron变异株感染相关的儿童多系统炎症综合征（MIS-C）的临床特征、诊治及随访情况。 方法： 回顾性病例总结。分析2022年12月至2023年1月北京大学第一医院儿科收治的11例MIS-C的临床资料。对MIS-C的临床特点、治疗和随访进行总结。 结果： 11例患儿中男7例、女4例，就诊年龄4.4（2.0，5.5）岁。所有患儿均有发热，持续时间7（5，9）d。皮疹7例、球结膜充血5例、口唇红和杨梅舌3例、淋巴结肿大3例、手足硬肿2例。出现消化道症状8例、呼吸系统症状8例，神经系统症状3例。8例患儿存在多系统损伤，其中1例有休克症状。11例患儿均为新型冠状病毒Omicron（BF.7）变异株感染，实验室检查结果示11例均有炎症指标升高、凝血功能异常和心肌损伤，6例白细胞计数升高，5例肝功能损伤，3例肾功能损伤，8例冠状动脉病变。11例患儿均接受抗感染治疗，其中8例接受2 g/kg静脉注射人免疫球蛋白和2 mg/（kg·d）甲泼尼龙治疗，3例仅接受2 g/kg静脉注射人免疫球蛋白治疗。8例冠状动脉病变患儿中6例接受低分子肝素抗凝治疗。所有患儿出院后2周随访其炎症指标均基本恢复正常，4周后复查冠状动脉病变8例和肺炎3例均较前明显好转或恢复正常。所有患儿随访3个月以上均无新增并发症或合并症。 结论： MIS-C可表现为类川崎病样症状，伴或不伴消化系统、神经系统或呼吸系统症状，炎症指标升高、凝血功能异常和心脏损伤有助于MIS-C诊断。静脉注射人免疫球蛋白和甲泼尼龙为治疗MIS-C首选药物，随访3个月以上短期预后均良好。.