Septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, and cellulitis in a neonate: A case report and discussion of diagnosis and management

Abstract

Introduction: Septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, and cellulitis are rare but life-threatening conditions in neonates. This case report emphasizes the significance of early diagnosis and intervention in such cases.

Presentation of case: We present a case of a male neonate, who developed septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, and cellulitis following trauma from a fall. The patient presented with fever, swelling, and limited joint movement. Diagnosis was based on clinical evaluation, laboratory investigations, and imaging studies. Treatment involved intravenous antibiotics for three weeks, followed by oral antibiotics for two weeks, resulting in complete recovery.

Discussion: Neonatal septic arthritis and osteomyelitis are challenging to diagnose due to nonspecific symptoms. Early initiation of antibiotics is crucial to prevent long-term complications. Surgical intervention may be required in cases of inadequate antibiotic response or significant joint effusion. This case underscores the importance of prompt recognition and tailored management.

Conclusion: Septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, and cellulitis pose serious threats to neonates. Timely diagnosis, appropriate antibiotics, and, if needed, surgical intervention are vital for favorable outcomes. Individualized treatment plans should consider clinical condition and local protocols.

Keywords: Case report; Cellulitis; Neonate; Osteomyelitis; Septic arthritis.