Temporal Patterns of Diabetes: Analyzing Disease Burden Among Adults Over 18 (2000-2021) Using the U.S. Diabetes Surveillance System (USDDS) Database

Onyinyechukwu B Nwachukwu; Emeka Okobi; Nwanne Onuekwusi; Ademiluyi B David; Tinuade O Adeakin-Dada; Abieyuwa B Agada; Victor C Ezeamii; Jennifer C Ezeamii; Deepali Shrivastava; Ezinne B Ezenekwe; Okelue E Okobi

doi:10.7759/cureus.49120

Temporal Patterns of Diabetes: Analyzing Disease Burden Among Adults Over 18 (2000-2021) Using the U.S. Diabetes Surveillance System (USDDS) Database

Cureus. 2023 Nov 20;15(11):e49120. doi: 10.7759/cureus.49120. eCollection 2023 Nov.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Neurosciences and Psychology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.
² Family Medicine, American International School of Medicine, Georgetown, Guyana, USA.
³ Dentistry, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Abuja, NGA.
⁴ Family Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, NGA.
⁵ Medical Laboratory Sciences, Asokoro General Hospital, Abuja, Abuja, NGA.
⁶ Community and Family Medicine, Windsor University School of Medicine, Cayon, KNA.
⁷ Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Benin, Benin, NGA.
⁸ Public Health, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, USA.
⁹ Nursing Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu, NGA.
¹⁰ Anesthesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
¹¹ Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, USA.
¹² Family Medicine, Larkin Community Hospital Palm Springs Campus, Miami, USA.
¹³ Family Medicine, Medficient Health Systems, Laurel, USA.
¹⁴ Family Medicine, Lakeside Medical Center, Belle Glade, USA.

Abstract

Background This study investigates the temporal patterns of diagnosed diabetes cases among adults aged 18 and above in the United States from 2000 to 2021, using data from the U.S. Diabetes Surveillance System (USDDS) database. The study analyzed variations in diagnosed diabetes cases based on gender, age, education, location, and race to provide insights into the changing disease burden over two decades. Methods A retrospective observational design was employed in analyzing data from the USDDS database. The study population comprised adults aged 18 and above with diagnosed diabetes. Descriptive statistical analysis and subgroup comparisons were performed to identify temporal trends and disparities in diagnosed diabetes cases among different demographic groups. Results The study uncovered significant temporal patterns in diagnosed diabetes cases among US adults. Males consistently reported higher diabetes cases (8.44%) than females (7.45%). Variations existed among age groups, with the 65-74 age group having the highest cases (19.69%) and the 18-44 age group having the lowest cases (2.34%). Disparities by race/ethnicity were evident, with non-Hispanic black individuals (11.80%) and Hispanics (11.07%) having the highest percentages, while Asians (7.84%) and whites (6.81%) had lower rates. Distinct temporal patterns emerged based on education levels, with the less than high school education group having the highest cases (11.77%), followed by those with a high school education (8.50%), and the lowest among those with higher than a high school education (6.60%). Conclusion The study has revealed a complex and evolving landscape of this chronic disease. Over these two decades, we observed significant fluctuations, with an overall upward trend in diagnosed diabetes cases. These findings underscore the need for a multifaceted approach to tackle diabetes effectively. Tailored interventions that consider age, gender, education, and geographic location are crucial to addressing the observed disparities in diabetes prevalence.

Keywords: adult aged 18 above; diagnosed diabetes; disease burden; trend analysis; usdds.