[Food cravings and aversions in pregnant women in the Buenos Aires Conurban, Argentina]

Medicina (B Aires). 2023;83(6):927-938.
[Article in Spanish]

Abstract

Introduction: Pregnant women often experience food aversions and cravings, of which little is known about their characteristics and consequences. The objective was to know the prevalence of food cravings and aversions, the characteristics of the pattern of foods that are craved or avoided, and the reasons behind their presence.

Methods: Observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study. A validated questionnaire was applied to 370 pregnant and postpartum women in public hospitals. Maternal and neonatal variables were measured with descriptive statistics and those associated with the phenomena under study were identified using logistic regression models and cluster analysis using the multivariate technique.

Results: A presence of cravings from 71 to 80% and aversions from 55 to 65% was detected. The most craved foods were fruits and sweet foods and the most avoided meats and mate. The maternal characteristics predictive of cravings were: being younger (OR 0.94), vomiting (OR 2.23), and having gained more weight than expected were negatively associated with the presence of cravings (OR 0.44). The variables associated with the aversions were the absence of a history of hypertension (OR 0.13), a history of macrosomia (OR 2.70), nausea (OR 1.86) and complications during pregnancy (OR 2.23).

Discussion: This work allowed to characterize food cravings and aversions during pregnancy and to know their high frequency.

Introducción: Las gestantes suelen experimentar aversiones y antojos alimentarios, de los cuales se conocen poco sus características y consecuencias. El objetivo fue conocer la prevalencia de los antojos y aversiones alimentarias, las características del patrón de alimentos que son antojados o evitados y los motivos que subyacen ante su presencia. Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal. Un cuestionario validado se aplicó a 370 embarazadas y puérperas en hospitales públicos. Las variables maternas y neonatales se midieron con estadísticas descriptivas y se identificaron aquellas asociadas a los fenómenos en estudio empleando modelos de regresión logística y un análisis por clusters utilizando la técnica multivariante. Resultados: Se detectó una presencia de antojos del 71 al 80% y de aversiones del 55 al 65%. Los alimentos más antojados fueron las frutas y los alimentos dulces y los mayormente rechazados las carnes y el mate. Las características maternas predictoras de antojos fueron: tener menor edad (OR 0.94), vómitos (OR 2.23), y el haber ganado más peso de lo esperado se asoció negativamente con la presencia de antojos (OR 0.44). Las variables asociadas a las aversiones fueron la ausencia de antecedentes de hipertensión (OR 0.13), antecedentes de macrosomía (OR 2.70), náuseas (OR 1.86) y complicaciones durante el embarazo (OR 2.23). Discusión: Este trabajó permitió caracterizar los antojos y aversiones alimentarias durante el embarazo y conocer su elevada frecuencia.

Keywords: aversions food; avoided food; cravings; food during pregnancy.

Publication types

  • Observational Study
  • English Abstract

MeSH terms

  • Argentina / epidemiology
  • Craving*
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Female
  • Food Preferences
  • Humans
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Pregnancy
  • Pregnant Women*