The survival of murine hepatitis virus (a surrogate of SARS-CoV-2) on conventional packaging materials under cold chain conditions

Front Public Health. 2023 Dec 5:11:1319828. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1319828. eCollection 2023.

Abstract

Introduction: The cold chain conditions have been suggested to facilitate long-distance transmission of SARS-CoV-2, but it is unclear how viable the virus is on cold chain packaging materials.

Methods: This study used the MHV-JHM strain of murine hepatitis virus as a model organism to investigate the viability of SARS-CoV-2 on foam, plastic, cardboard, and wood sheets at different temperatures (-40°C, -20°C, and 4°C). In addition, the ability of peracetic acid and sodium hypochlorite to eliminate the MHV-JHM on plastic and cardboard sheets were also evaluated.

Results: The results indicate that MHV-JHM can survive on foam, plastic, or cardboard sheets for up to 28 days at -40°C and -20°C, and up to 14 days on foam and plastic surfaces at 4°C. Although viral nucleic acids were still detectable after storing at 4°C for 28 days, the corresponding virus titer was below the limit of quantification (LOQ).

Discussion: The study highlights that a positive nucleic acid test result may not indicate that the virus is still viable, and confirms that peracetic acid and sodium hypochlorite can effectively eliminate MHV-JHM on packaging materials under cold chain conditions.

Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; cold chain; disinfection; murine hepatitis virus; packaging materials.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • COVID-19*
  • Mice
  • Murine hepatitis virus*
  • Peracetic Acid
  • Refrigeration
  • SARS-CoV-2
  • Sodium Hypochlorite

Substances

  • Sodium Hypochlorite
  • Peracetic Acid

Grants and funding

The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This study is supported by the Key Research Programs of Sichuan Science and Technology Department (Nos. 2021YFS0005, 2021YFQ0060, and 2021YFS0179) and the Major Scientific and Technological Application Demonstration Project of Chengdu Science and Technology Bureau (No. 2022-YF09-00011-SN).