Advanced Equilibrium Studies for the Synergetic Impact of Polyaniline on the Adsorption of Rhodamine B Dye by Polyaniline/Coal Composite

Mohamed Adel Sayed; Abdelrahman Mohamed; Sayed A Ahmed; Ahmed M El-Sherbeeny; Wail Al Zoubi; Mostafa R Abukhadra

doi:10.1021/acsomega.3c07355

Advanced Equilibrium Studies for the Synergetic Impact of Polyaniline on the Adsorption of Rhodamine B Dye by Polyaniline/Coal Composite

ACS Omega. 2023 Dec 1;8(49):47210-47223. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07355. eCollection 2023 Dec 12.

Authors

Mohamed Adel Sayed^{1

2}, Abdelrahman Mohamed², Sayed A Ahmed^{2

3}, Ahmed M El-Sherbeeny⁴, Wail Al Zoubi⁵, Mostafa R Abukhadra^{1

6}

Affiliations

¹ Materials Technologies and their Applications Lab, Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef City, Egypt.
² Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, 62514 Beni Suef City, Egypt.
³ Basic Science Department, Faculty of Engineering, Nahda University, Beni Suef 62764, Egypt.
⁴ Industrial Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ Materials Electrochemistry Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
⁶ Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef62521, Egypt.

Abstract

The synergetic improvement effect of the polyaniline (PANI) hybridization process on the adsorption of rhodamine B dye (RB) by PANI/coal hybrid material (PANI/C) has been evaluated using both traditional equilibrium modeling and advanced isotherm investigations. The composite was prepared by polymerizing polyaniline in the presence of coal fractions with a surface area of 27.7 m²/g. The PANI/C hybrid has an improved capacity to adsorb RB dye (423.5 mg/g) in comparison to coal particles (254.3 mg/g). The maintained increase in the elimination properties of PANI/C has been illustrated using the steric characteristics of active site density (Nm) as well as the total number of adsorbed RB on a single active site (n). However, the incorporation of PANI did not yield any substantial impact on the existing active sites' quantity, but the hybridization processes greatly influenced the selectivity and affinity of each active site, in addition to the aggregation characteristics of the dye as it interacts with the composite's surface. Whereas raw coal can only adsorb three molecules of RB, each active site throughout the PANI/C surface can adsorb approximately eight RB molecules. This is also evidence of RB dye adsorption in a vertical arrangement, which involves multimolecular processes. The Gaussian energy (4.01-5.59 kJ/mol) and adsorption energy (-4.34-4.68 kJ/mol) revealed the controllable impact of physical mechanisms. These mechanisms may include van der Waals forces, dipole-dipole interactions, and hydrogen bonds (<30 kJ/mol). The thermodynamic functions, such as enthalpy, internal energy, and entropy, that have been assessed provide evidence supporting the exothermic and spontaneous nature of the RB uptake processes by PANI/C.