Application of pressurized steam and forced hot air for cleaning broiler transport container flooring

Abstract

In the United States, cleaning poultry transport containers prior to arrival at the broiler grow-out farm is not currently a widely adopted practice in the industry. However, previous studies have shown that transport containers have an important role in cross-contamination before the broilers arrive at the processing plant. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of pressurized steam followed by forced hot air to clean transport container flooring and compare it to conventional cleaning procedures. Fiberglass and plastic flooring were cut into even pieces and inoculated with chicken intestinal contents containing Salmonella Infantis or Campylobacter jejuni. The cleaning treatments were pressurized steam, forced hot air, pressurized steam followed by forced hot air, water pressure washing, water pressure washing before and after disinfectant, and no cleaning. Counts for Salmonella, Campylobacter, Escherichia coli, coliforms, and aerobic bacteria were assessed. All reductions were made in comparison to noncleaned samples. Forced hot air applied by itself was not efficient in reducing Campylobacter, coliforms, and E. coli; and limited reductions (less than 1 log₁₀ CFU/cm²) were observed for Salmonella and aerobic bacteria. Then, for all bacteria types evaluated, pressurized steam by itself showed reductions of 2.4 to 3.5 log₁₀ CFU/cm². Samples that were cleaned with a single-pressure water wash showed reductions of 4.0 to 4.6 log₁₀ CFU/cm² for all bacteria types. For Salmonella, Campylobacter, and E. coli, the greatest reductions were observed when samples were cleaned with pressurized steam followed by forced hot air (4.3-6.1 log₁₀ CFU/cm²) or water washed before and after disinfectant (4.5-6.2 log₁₀ CFU/cm²), and these treatments did not differ from each other. Pressurized steam followed by forced hot air was shown to be an efficient cleaning procedure to reduce poultry-associated pathogens on transport cage flooring, with the benefit of using less water than conventional water cleaning. Processors may be able to adapt this process to reduce potential cross-contamination and lessen the level of pathogens entering the processing plant.

Keywords: campylobacter; hot air; salmonella; steam; transport container.