Inverted U-shaped relationship between coffee consumption and serum uric acid in American chronic kidney disease population

Jianling Song; Hong Li; Xiangdong Fang

doi:10.3389/fnut.2023.1286430

Inverted U-shaped relationship between coffee consumption and serum uric acid in American chronic kidney disease population

Front Nutr. 2023 Nov 30:10:1286430. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1286430. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Jianling Song^#¹, Hong Li^#², Xiangdong Fang¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
² Department of Medical Records, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.

^# Contributed equally.

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the contentious relationship between coffee consumption and serum uric acid (SUA) levels, specifically within American population with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods: A total of 23,381 participants from the 2001-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were selected for inclusion in this investigation. Linear regression models and generalized additive models with smooth curve fitting were employed to analyze the association between log coffee consumption and serum uric acid levels. Furthermore, the robustness of the findings was assessed across diverse populations.

Results: The results of the linear regression analysis indicate a positive and marginally statistically significant (p = 0.0307) association between log coffee consumption and SUA, even after controlling for other variables. Furthermore, the generalized additive model revealed a nonlinear relationship characterized by an inverted U-shape between log coffee consumption and SUA. The inflection point, identified as 11.43 g/day, marks the point at which this relationship changes direction. Moreover, this inverted U-shaped relationship was consistently observed across various subgroups, including gender, age (<60 and ≥ 60 years), hypertensive and non-hypertensive individuals, those with and without cardiovascular disease, non-diabetic individuals, and those who consumed coffee with or without caffeine or sugar.

Conclusion: An inverse U-shaped correlation has been observed between log coffee consumption and SUA levels. This finding implies that once coffee consumption surpasses a specific threshold, it promotes a decline in SUA levels.

Keywords: NHANES; U-shaped correlation; chronic kidney disease; coffee; serum uric acid.

Grants and funding

The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 82160143) and Kidney Disease Engineering Research Center of Jiangxi Province (no. 20164BCD40095).