Sick leave due to SARS-CoV-2 infection

G Vandersmissen; J Verbeeck; P Henckens; J Van Dyck; C Wuytens; G Molenberghs; L Godderis

doi:10.1093/occmed/kqad140

Sick leave due to SARS-CoV-2 infection

Occup Med (Lond). 2023 Dec 11:kqad140. doi: 10.1093/occmed/kqad140. Online ahead of print.

Authors

G Vandersmissen¹, J Verbeeck², P Henckens³, J Van Dyck³, C Wuytens^{3

4

5}, G Molenberghs^{2

6}, L Godderis^{1

7}

Affiliations

¹ IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
² Data Science Institute, I-BioStat, Universiteit Hasselt, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium.
³ Acerta, HR Service Provider, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
⁴ Department of Business, Faculty of Social Sciences & Solvay Business School, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussel, Belgium.
⁵ Department of Work and Organisation Studies, Faculty of Economics and Business, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
⁶ I-BioStat, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
⁷ Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.

PMID: 38078542
DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqad140

Abstract

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused a high burden of sick leave worldwide. Long-term sick leave for COVID-19 may be longer than for other influenza-like syndromes. The real impact of long COVID on absenteeism remains uncertain.

Aims: To investigate the burden of sick leave, especially >12 weeks, in Belgian workers with a positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from July 2020 to September 2021 and to compare these figures with sick leave for other infectious diseases.

Methods: We coupled a database of SARS-CoV-2-positive workers and workers who were absent for other infections with objective absence data. Predictors of prolonged sickness were evaluated by negative binomial regression, Cox proportional hazards regression and ordinal logistic regression.

Results: The study population involved 2569 workers who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and 392 workers who were absent for other infectious diseases. In total, 16% (95% CI 14-17%) of workers with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test had no sick leave registered. Fourteen out of 1000 (95% CI 9-20‰) workers with absenteeism for COVID-19 experienced sick leave >12 weeks as compared to 43 out of 1000 workers (95% CI 3-69‰) with absenteeism due to other infections. When including PCR-positive workers without sick leave, the prevalence of long-term sick leave decreased to 12 per 1000 (95% CI8-17‰). Long-term sick leave was associated with older age, high previous sick leave and low educational level.

Conclusions: The prevalence of long-term sick leave was lower than estimated in earlier investigations regardless of worrying reports about post-COVID-19 syndrome.