Physiological mechanism beneath the inhibition of Cleome spinosa against the morphology and reproduction of Fusarium oxysporum

Xingzhe Zhang; Xianghai Meng; Xiaodan Jiao; Rina Sa; Baicheng Wang; Zhen Wang; Jiwen Li; Dong Liu; Bing Yang; Chunlei Zou; Yanju Zhang

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22622

Physiological mechanism beneath the inhibition of Cleome spinosa against the morphology and reproduction of Fusarium oxysporum

Heliyon. 2023 Nov 20;9(12):e22622. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22622. eCollection 2023 Dec.

Authors

Xingzhe Zhang^{1

2}, Xianghai Meng¹, Xiaodan Jiao³, Rina Sa⁴, Baicheng Wang¹, Zhen Wang³, Jiwen Li³, Dong Liu², Bing Yang¹, Chunlei Zou⁵, Yanju Zhang²

Affiliations

¹ Mudanjiang Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Mudanjiang, China.
² College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
³ Heilongjiang Plant Quarantine and Protection Station, Harbin, China.
⁴ College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China.
⁵ College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China.

Abstract

Fusarium oxysporum is a soil-borne plant pathogen that can cause various plant diseases including cucumber wilt. An experiment was conducted to explore the physiological mechanism underlying the inhibitory activity of Cleome spinosa against the morphology and reproduction of F. oxysporum. Different concentrations of C. spinosa extracts. -0 (Z0), 5 (Z5), 15 (Z15), 30 (Z30), 45 (Z45), and 60 (Z60) mg·mL^-1 were applied to F. oxysporum. Cleome spinosa extract significantly reduced the colony diameter (89.7 %) and dry mass (78.9 %) of F. oxysporum under the Z45 treatment. Moreover, spore formation was also significantly inhibited by C. spinosa extract. The spore number and germination rate decreased by 73.5 % and 83.0 %, respectively, under the Z45 treatment. The number of mycelia in the unit field of view was significantly reduced, and the mycelia were wizened with rough surfaces and more bends under the Z45 treatment. Hence, C. spinosa extracts severely damaged the morphology of F. oxysporum mycelia. Additionally, F. oxysporum could not adjust to the osmotic changes caused by C. spinosa extract, leading to membrane injury and electrolyte leakage. Finally, they impaired the antioxidant system in F. oxysporum, resulting in cell membrane injury.

Keywords: Antioxidant enzymes; Cleome spinosa; Cucumber wilt; Fusarium oxysporum; Mycelia; Osmotic adjustment.