SOC Estimation of Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries Based on the ISCSO-ELM Algorithm

ACS Omega. 2023 Nov 22;8(48):45708-45714. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06113. eCollection 2023 Dec 5.

Abstract

This study focuses on the stage of charge (SOC) estimation for vanadium redox flow batteries (VFBs), establishing an electrochemical model that provides parameters, including ion concentration. Second, considering the capacity decay of VFBs, an extreme learning machine (ELM) combined with an improved sand cat swarm optimization algorithm, named ISCSO-ELM, is integrated with SOC estimation to predict the battery's SOC more effectively.