Can chromatic text/background improve Arabic reading performance?

Norah I Alsalem; Ali Almustanyir; Mosaad Alhassan; Essam Almutleb; Muhammed Alluwimi; Balsam Alabdulkader

doi:10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_44_23

Can chromatic text/background improve Arabic reading performance?

Saudi J Ophthalmol. 2023 Aug 23;37(3):218-221. doi: 10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_44_23. eCollection 2023 Jul-Sep.

Authors

Norah I Alsalem¹, Ali Almustanyir¹, Mosaad Alhassan¹, Essam Almutleb¹, Muhammed Alluwimi², Balsam Alabdulkader¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
² Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Qassim, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract

Purpose: Colors have been shown to improve reading performance; however, the effect of colors on Arabic orthography has not been studied. This study aimed to design and create a chromatic acuity chart to evaluate the effect of chromatic contrast on Arabic reading performance.

Methods: Color selection for the newly developed chromatic acuity chart was based on the contrast between the L, M, and S cones. The colors were chosen to have a luminance of approximately 13.6 cd/m² with red text on a green background. A Pantone color guide set was used to choose the colors. Fifteen healthy individuals aged 19-27 years were recruited. Reading performance was measured using the newly developed red-green (R-G) chart and compared with the original achromatic Balsam Alabdulkader-Leat (BAL) chart with a luminance of 95 cd/m². The outcomes were maximum reading speed in standard-length words per minute (SLWPM), reading acuity (RA), and critical print size (CPS).

Results: The mean R-G SLWPM of 201 wpm was similar to that of the BAL chart (P < 0.05). The mean RA for the R-G chart was - 0.05 logMAR and - 0.20 logMAR for the BAL chart (P < 0.05). The CPS for the R-G chart was 0.36 logMAR, significantly higher than the original chart of 0.17 logMAR (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: This study showed that the reading performance for a text that varies only in chromatic contrast along the R-G axis reduces the reading performance for CPS and RA. Individuals showed an approximate decline of two lines on an Arabic continuous text chart compared with a high-contrast achromatic chart. This information can be used to further develop a set of near-reading charts that can efficiently determine whether there is a differential loss in chromatic and achromatic sensitivity in patients with various vision disorders.

Keywords: Arabic; chromatic chart; continuous text charts.