Short Implant and Heavy Smokers as Predictors for Failure of Immediate Implants: a Retrospective Study

Alexandre-Marques-Paes da Silva; Ana-Paula-Marques-Paes da Silva; Mayra-Stambovsky Vieira; Antônio Canabarro; Lucio-Souza Gonçalves; Dennis-de Carvalho Ferreira

doi:10.4317/jced.60238

Short Implant and Heavy Smokers as Predictors for Failure of Immediate Implants: a Retrospective Study

J Clin Exp Dent. 2023 Nov 1;15(11):e874-e881. doi: 10.4317/jced.60238. eCollection 2023 Nov.

Authors

Alexandre-Marques-Paes da Silva¹, Ana-Paula-Marques-Paes da Silva², Mayra-Stambovsky Vieira³, Antônio Canabarro⁴, Lucio-Souza Gonçalves⁵, Dennis-de Carvalho Ferreira⁶

Affiliations

¹ PhD. Estácio de Sá University - UNESA (RJ), Microbiology Department, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil and Postdoctoral student in the department of Dental Prosthodontics at UERJ - RJ - Brazil.
² Master in Dentistry at Estácio de Sá University. Faculty of Dentistry, Microbiology Department, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil.
³ Master in Dentistry. PhD student in Dentistry at Veiga de Almeida University, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brasil.
⁴ PhD. Professor at Veiga de Almeida University, Periodontology Department and School of Dentistry, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brasil.
⁵ PhD. Professor at Estácio de Sá University, School of Dentistry, Microbiology Department, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil.
⁶ PhD. Professor at the School of Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University (UNESA-RJ) and Veiga de Almeida University, Microbiology Department, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil and School of Nursing - UERJ. Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil.

Abstract

Background: The possibility of installing implants in fresh sockets was first proposed as a viable treatment option in the 1970s. Objective: to assess the relationships of subject-level and implant-level characteristics on the failure of immediate implants installed in sites that contained teeth associated or not with chronic apical periodontitis.

Material and methods: A retrospective study was undertaken with data from patients who received immediate implants with a minimum follow-up of 12 months after loading. The Generalized Estimating Equation, applying a multiple logistic regression model, was employed to investigate the association between predictor variables/co-variables and failure of the immediate implants.

Results: Four hundred and twenty-three implants were installed (208 uninfected/215 infected sites) in 186 patients (92 men/96 women) with a mean age of 57.1 years old. The survival rate of implants was 91%. Approximately half (215/50.8%) of the alveoli that received immediate implants had chronic apical periodontitis associated with the extracted teeth, and 191 (88.8%) of these survived until the last follow-up visit. When the infection-free sites were analyzed, this frequency was higher (93,3%), but the presence of chronic apical periodontitis did not show statistical significance in the implant failure (p=0.167). Smokers with a consumption of more than 20 cigarettes/day and short implants had more failures (OR:7.66, p=0.012; OR:14.06, p=0.002; respectively).

Conclusions: Short implants and consumption of more than 20 cigarettes/day were important predictors for failure of immediate implants, regardless of presence of chronic apical periodontitis. Key words:Osseointegration, dental implant, smokers, study, immediate dental implant loading.