Development and initial validation of the staff perception of residential care environments (SPORE) instrument

Abstract

Background: The impact of the physical environment on healthcare staff well-being and work performance is well recognised, yet there is a lack of instruments assessing environmental features from the perspective of staff working in residential care facilities (RCFs) for older people.

Objectives: To develop and provide initial validation of the instrument Staff Perceptions Of Residential care facility Environments (SPORE).

Design: An instrument development and psychometric evaluation study.

Methods: Based on material from a British project, items were translated and adapted for Swedish residential care facilities as SPORE. Care staff (N = 200), recruited from 20 Swedish RCFs, completed a questionnaire-based survey containing the SPORE instrument and two other instruments selected as suitable for use in the validation. In addition, an environmental assessment instrument was used for further validation. Analyses were performed at individual (staff) level and home (RCF) level.

Results: The SPORE subscales demonstrated good internal consistency reliability and were moderately to strongly correlated at the individual level with the subscales of measures of person-centred care, and strongly correlated with the same measures at the home level. The SPORE subscales were also highly correlated with the total score of the instrument used to assess the quality of the physical environment.

Conclusion: The initial validation indicates that the SPORE instrument is promising for measuring care staff perceptions of environmental features in care facilities for older people. SPORE can be a valuable instrument for use in research and in practice to evaluate the environment as part of working towards high-quality care.

Implications for practice: The design of the physical environment within RCFs can affect the staff's health and work performance. The instrument is useful for evaluating the environment and informing decisions about design solutions that support staff in their important work.

Keywords: care environment; evidence-based design; healthcare staff; instrument development; nursing; older people; person-centred care.