Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by gradual articular cartilage degradation, accompanied by persistent low-grade joint inflammation, correlating with radiographic and pain-related progression. The latent therapeutic potential of DZ2002, a reversible inhibitor of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH), holds promise for OA intervention. This study endeavored to examine the therapeutic efficacy of DZ2002 within the milieu of OA. The cytotoxicity of DZ2002 was evaluated using the MTT assay on bone marrow-derived macrophages. The inhibitory impact of DZ2002 during the process of osteoclastogenesis was assessed using TRAP staining, analysis of bone resorption pits, and F-actin ring formation. Mechanistic insights were derived from qPCR and Western blot analyses. Through the intra-articular injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA), an experimental rat model of OA was successfully instituted. This was subsequently accompanied by a series of assessments including Von Frey filament testing, analysis of weight-bearing behaviors, and micro-CT imaging, all aimed at assessing the effectiveness of DZ2002. The findings emphasized the effectiveness of DZ2002 in mitigating osteoclastogenesis induced by M-CSF/RANKL, evident through a reduction in TRAP-positive OCs and bone resorption. Moreover, DZ2002 modulated bone resorption-associated gene and protein expression (CTSK, CTR, Integrin β3) via the MEK/ERK pathway. Encouragingly, DZ2002 also alleviates MIA-induced pain, cartilage degradation, and bone loss. In conclusion, DZ2002 emerges as a potential therapeutic contender for OA, as evidenced by its capacity to hinder in vitro M-CSF/RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and mitigate in vivo osteoarthritis progression. This newfound perspective provides substantial support for considering DZ2002 as a compelling agent for osteoarthritis intervention.
Keywords: Bone resorption; DZ2002; Osteoarthritis; Osteoclast.
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