Amacrine cells (ACs) are the most structurally and functionally diverse neuron type in the retina. Different ACs have distinct functions, such as neuropeptide secretion and inhibitory connection. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) -ergic -ACs are retina gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) -ergic -ACs that were discovered long ago. They secrete VIP and form connections with bipolar cells (BCs), other ACs, and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). They have a specific structure, density, distribution, and function. They play an important role in myopia, light stimulated responses, retinal vascular disease and other ocular diseases. Their significance in the study of refractive development and disease is increasing daily. However, a systematic review of the structure and function of retinal VIP-ACs is lacking. We discussed the detailed characteristics of VIP-ACs from every aspect across species and providing systematic knowledge base for future studies. Our review led to the main conclusion that retinal VIP-ACs develop early, and although their morphology and distribution across species are not the same, they have similar functions in a wide range of ocular diseases based on their function of secreting neuropeptides and forming inhibitory connections with other cells.
摘要: 无长突细胞(ACs)是视网膜中结构和功能最多样的神经元类型。不同的ACs具有不同的功能, 如神经肽分泌和抑制连接等。血管活性肠肽(VIP)能AC是较久远发现的视网膜γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)能ACs, 分泌VIP并与双极细胞(BC)、其他 AC和视网膜神经节细胞(RGC)形成连接。它们具有特定的结构、密度、分布和功能。它们在近视、光刺激反应、视网膜血管疾病和其他眼部疾病的发病机制中起重要作用。它们在屈光发育和疾病研究中的作用及意义越来越大。然而, 目前关于视网膜VIP-ACs 的结构和功能缺乏系统综述。我们从不同物种的各个方面详细讨论了VIP-AC的特点, 为今后的研究提供了系统的知识基础。本综述得出的主要结论是, 视网膜 VIP-AC发育较早, 尽管它们的形态和分布在物种之间不同, 但基于其分泌神经肽和与其他细胞形成抑制性连接的功能在各种眼部疾病中具有相似的功能。.
© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Royal College of Ophthalmologists.