Incidence and Causes of Cellulitis Among Patients at Tupua Tamasese Meaole Hospital in Upolu, Samoa in 2019

Addisalem Hailu Wondafrash; Uila Laifa Lima; Degu Abebe; Kidus S Negash

doi:10.7759/cureus.48318

Incidence and Causes of Cellulitis Among Patients at Tupua Tamasese Meaole Hospital in Upolu, Samoa in 2019

Cureus. 2023 Nov 5;15(11):e48318. doi: 10.7759/cureus.48318. eCollection 2023 Nov.

Authors

Addisalem Hailu Wondafrash¹, Uila Laifa Lima¹, Degu Abebe¹, Kidus S Negash²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Medicine, Oceania University of Medicine, Apia, WSM.
² Department of Medicine, Hayat Medical College, Addis Ababa, ETH.

Abstract

Objective: To study the incidence and causes of cellulitis in patients who visited the only tertiary hospital in Samoa, i.e., Tupua Tamasese Meaole (TTM) Hospital, in 2019.

Method: Of the total of 14,198 patients who presented to TTM Hospital in 2019, a chart review of all 258 patients who presented with cellulitis was conducted. All charts with the final primary admitting diagnosis of cellulitis were extracted. No exclusion criteria were employed, and raw data were analyzed manually.

Results: Of the 14,198 patients who sought care at TTM Hospital in 2019, 258 patients received care for cellulitis. This represents an incidence rate of 1.8%. Most patients were male (62.4%). Those in the age group of 41 to 80 years old accounted for 79.5% of the total. The leg (94.6%) was the major site of infection. Of those who had blood cultures drawn, 76.4% had negative results. Of the 56 patients with positive microbial growth, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species accounted for a combined total of 71.4% of the cases. The mainstay of antibiotic treatment was flucloxacillin alone or in conjunction with other antibiotics (92.2%). Of the many comorbidities affecting patients, diabetes (44.2%) was the most prevalent. Hospital admission, ranging from three to 10 days was needed in 63.5% of patients.

Conclusion: The incidence rate of cellulitis at TTM in 2019 was 1.8%, which was marginally higher than noted in other parts of the world. Male patients and people over the age of 40 years are affected the most. The leg is affected the most mainly by Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species. Flucloxacillin is the main antibiotic used to treat cellulitis at the TTM Hospital. From the data analyses, it is inferred that a large proportion of patients who presented had moderate to severe cellulitis.

Keywords: causes of cellulitis; cellulitis; cellulitis in samoa; common site of cellulitis; flucloxacillin; incidence of cellulitis; mean age of cellulitis; sex differences in cellulitis; staphylococcus and streptococcus.