Although minimally invasive procedures such as thoracoscopic surgery and robot-assisted surgery have become increasingly popular in esophageal cancer in recent years, perioperative management remains a very important topic. However, perioperative management is still an extremely important issue, as esophagectomy is still a highly invasive procedure. Especially in recent years, as the patient population ages, it is expected that we will have more and more opportunities to deal with patients with various pre-existing medical conditions in addition to the original decline in physical function. In this article, we discuss the management of infectious complications in the perioperative management of esophageal surgery, with a particular focus on esophagectomy and reconstruction.