Gynaecological cancer incidence and mortality trends in a Brazilian State with medium human development index: A 22-year analysis

Brenda Evelin Barreto da Silva; Lígia Mara Dolce de Lemos; Alex Rodrigues Moura; Yasmim Anayr Costa Ferrari; Marcela Sampaio Lima; Marceli de Oliveira Santos; Carlos Anselmo Lima

doi:10.1016/j.canep.2023.102493

Gynaecological cancer incidence and mortality trends in a Brazilian State with medium human development index: A 22-year analysis

Cancer Epidemiol. 2024 Feb:88:102493. doi: 10.1016/j.canep.2023.102493. Epub 2023 Dec 5.

Authors

Brenda Evelin Barreto da Silva¹, Lígia Mara Dolce de Lemos², Alex Rodrigues Moura³, Yasmim Anayr Costa Ferrari⁴, Marcela Sampaio Lima⁵, Marceli de Oliveira Santos⁶, Carlos Anselmo Lima⁷

Affiliations

¹ Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil. Electronic address: brendaevelinbarreto@gmail.com.
² Department of Nursing, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil.
³ Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil; University Hospital, Ebserh, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.
⁴ Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.
⁵ University Hospital, Ebserh, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.
⁶ Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
⁷ Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil; University Hospital, Ebserh, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil; Aracaju Cancer Registry, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.

PMID: 38056244
DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2023.102493

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to analyse trends in incidence and mortality rates of gynaecological cancer (GC) in Sergipe, a medium Human Development Index (HDI) state in northeastern Brazil during 1996-2017.

Methods: Data were obtained from the Population-based Cancer Registry of Aracaju and Brazilian Mortality Information System database. We included vulvar (VUC), vaginal (VAC), cervical (CC), uterine (UC; C54-C55), ovarian (OC), placental (PC), and unspecified female genital organ cancers. Crude rates, and age-standardised incidence and mortality rates (ASIR and ASMR, respectively) were calculated using a denominator of 100,000 women. We assessed changes in trends using the annual percentage change (APC) and the average APC (AAPC), using the Joinpoint Regression Program.

Results: From 1996-2017, GC ASIR exhibited a declining trend (AAPC: -3.1), while ASMR increased (AAPC: 2.1). CC had the highest ASIR and ASMR over the years, ranging from 11.6 to 34.3 cases and 4.2-9.0 deaths per 100,000, respectively. Annual decreases in ASIR were observed for CC (AAPC: -5.2) and VAC (AAPC: -5.5). OC saw an increase in mortality rates (AAPC: 1.9; 1996-2017), and CC experienced an increase during 1996-2003 (APC: 6.9). VUC displayed a substantial rise in ASMR from 2001 to 2009 (APC: 27.1), followed by a decrease (APC: -11.3). An increase in mortality trends for UC was observed during 1996-2004 (APC: 10.0), while its ASIR remained relatively unchanged over the years.

Conclusion: While overall GC incidence trends declined, mortality rates either increased or failed to decrease significantly. Therefore, additional efforts are required to enhance prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies, aimed at reducing and managing the burden of GC in the future.

Keywords: Brazil; Cancer; Gynaecologic neoplasms; Incidence; Mortality.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Brazil / epidemiology
Female
Forecasting
Humans
Incidence
Mortality
Neoplasms*
Placenta*
Pregnancy