Chemical fertilizer reduction combined with organic fertilizer affects the soil microbial community and diversity and yield of cotton

YingWu Shi; XinXiang Niu; BaoZhu Chen; ShengHai Pu; HongHong Ma; Pan Li; GuangPing Feng; XingWang Ma

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1295722

Chemical fertilizer reduction combined with organic fertilizer affects the soil microbial community and diversity and yield of cotton

Front Microbiol. 2023 Nov 20:14:1295722. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1295722. eCollection 2023.

Authors

YingWu Shi^#^{1

2

3}, XinXiang Niu^#^{2

4}, BaoZhu Chen^{2

4}, ShengHai Pu^{2

4}, HongHong Ma^{2

4}, Pan Li^{2

4}, GuangPing Feng^{2

4}, XingWang Ma^{2

4}

Affiliations

¹ Institute of Microbiology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
² Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Northwest Oasis of Ministry of Agriculture and Countryside, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
³ Xinjiang Laboratory of Special Environmental Microbiology, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
⁴ Institute of Soil, Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conservation, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.

^# Contributed equally.

Abstract

Introduction: The soil microbial community plays an important role in modulating cotton soil fertility. However, the effects of chemical fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer on soil chemical properties, microbial community structure, and crop yield and quality in arid areas are still unclear. This study aimed to explore the effects of different organic fertilizers on soil microbial community structure and diversity and cotton growth and yield.

Methods: High-throughput sequencing was used to study the soil bacteria and fungi in different growth stages of cotton. The field fertilization experiment had five treatments.

Results: The results indicated that the treatments of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with organic fertilizer significantly increased soil available nitrogen and phosphorus in cotton field. There were significant differences in the abundance of the bacterial and fungal communities in the dominant phyla among the treatments. At the phyla level, there were not significantly different in the diversity of bacteria and fungi among treatments. There were significant differences in the composition and diversity of bacterial and fungal communities during the entire cotton growth period (p = 0.001). The rhizosphere bacterial and fungal community structure was significantly affected by soil TK, NH₄⁺, AK, TP, AN, and NO₃^-. The different fertilization treatments strongly influenced the modular structure of the soil bacterial and fungal community co-occurrence network. A reduction in chemical fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer significantly improved cotton stem diameter and seed yield, and the effect of the biological organic fertilizer on plant growth and yield formation was greater than that of ordinary organic fertilizer.

Discussion: This study provide a scientific and technical basis for the establishment of environmentally friendly green fertilization technology for cotton in arid areas and the promotion of sustainable development of cotton industry.

Keywords: Illumina MiSeq; cotton; organic fertilizer; reduced chemical fertilizer; soil microbial community; yield.

Grants and funding

The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This work was supported by the Open Fund Project of Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment of Northwest Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture and rural Affairs (XBLZ-20205), the National Nature Science Foundation of China (31860024), the Project of Renovation Capacity Building for the Young Sci-Tech Talents Sponsored by Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (xjnkq-2019014), the Major Scientific and Technological Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China (2020A01002), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFD0201903, 2018YFD0800804).