Novel treatment system using endoscopic ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound: A proof-of-concept study

Abstract

Aim: High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a novel minimally invasive local treatment of solid tumors. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided HIFU (EUS-HIFU) using mechanical effects would have potential benefits, including precise detection of target lesions and enhance drug delivery. The aim of this study is to develop EUS-HIFU device and to prove our concept in porcine model using a locally injected phase change nano droplet (PCND) as the sensitizer.

Method: A phospholipid PCND contained volatile perfluoro-carbon liquids. The prototype HIFU apparatus comprised a small (20 × 20 mm) transducer with center frequency of 2.1 MHz, attachable to a linear EUS transducer. Under general anesthetic, a single porcine received EUS-guided injection of PCND. The HIFU transducer was placed laparotomically in the stomach, and the liver was ablated through the gastric wall.

Results: PCND was injected successfully and a distinct lesion was generated at the HIFU transducer focus only in injected areas that received HIFU exposure at 4.7 kW/cm² at a duty cycle of 5 % (mean temporal intensity, 0.245 kW/cm²) for 30 s. The generated lesions were mechanically fractionated in macroscopic view.

Conclusion: The concept of transluminal HIFU ablation using novel EUS-HIFU system was proved in a porcine animal model. This novel treatment system has great potential for future cancer treatment although further investigation in more animals and different organs are warranted.

Keywords: Drug delivery system; Endoscopic ultrasound; High-intensity focused ultrasound; Microbubble; Pancreatic cancer.