Cilia are microtubule (MT)-based organelles present on the surface of nearly all vertebrate cells. MTs are polymers of α- and β-tubulins that are each encoded by multiple, individual isotype genes. Tubulin isotype composition is thought to influence MT behaviors. Ciliary MTs differ from other MTs in the cell in terms of organization, stability and post-translational modifications. However, little is known about the tubulin isotypes that build ciliary MTs and the functional requirements for tubulin isotypes in cilia have not been examined in vertebrates. Here, we have tested the role of the β-tubulin isotype genes in the mouse that harbor a conserved amino acid motif associated with ciliated organisms. We found that Tubb4b localizes to cilia in multi-ciliated cells (MCCs) specifically. In respiratory and oviduct MCCs, Tubb4b is asymmetrically localized within multi-cilia, indicating that the tubulin isotype composition changes along the length of the ciliary axonemal MTs. Deletion of Tubb4b resulted in striking structural defects within the axonemes of multi-cilia, without affecting primary cilia. These studies show that Tubb4b is essential for the formation of a specific MT-based subcellular organelle and sheds light on the requirements of tubulin isotypes in cilia.
Keywords: Axoneme; Cilia; Ciliary microtubules; Ciliopathy; Mouse; Tubulin; Tubulin code; Tubulinopathy.
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