An algorithm for drug discovery based on deep learning with an example of developing a drug for the treatment of lung cancer

Abstract

In this study, we present an algorithmic framework integrated within the created software platform tailored for the discovery of novel small-molecule anti-tumor agents. Our approach was exemplified in the context of combatting lung cancer. In the initial phase, target identification for therapeutic intervention was accomplished. Leveraging deep learning, we scrutinized gene expression profiles, focusing on those associated with adverse clinical outcomes in lung cancer patients. Augmenting this, generative adversarial neural (GAN) networks were employed to amass additional patient data. This effort yielded a subset of genes definitively linked to unfavorable prognoses. We further employed deep learning to delineate genes capable of discriminating between normal and tumor tissues based on expression patterns. The remaining genes were earmarked as potential targets for precision lung cancer therapy. Subsequently, a dedicated module was formulated to predict the interactions between inhibitors and proteins. To achieve this, protein amino acid sequences and chemical compound formulations engaged in protein interactions were encoded into vectorized representations. Additionally, a deep learning-based component was developed to forecast IC₅₀ values through experimentation on cell lines. Virtual pre-clinical trials employing these inhibitors facilitated the selection of pertinent cell lines for subsequent laboratory assays. In summary, our study culminated in the derivation of several small-molecule formulas projected to bind selectively to specific proteins. This algorithmic platform holds promise in accelerating the identification and design of anti-tumor compounds, a critical pursuit in advancing targeted cancer therapies.

Keywords: artificial intelligence; chemoinformatic; deep learning; drug discovery; modeling; simulation.