Quinoxaline derivatives as attractive electron-transporting materials

Zeeshan Abid; Liaqat Ali; Sughra Gulzar; Faiza Wahad; Raja Shahid Ashraf; Christian B Nielsen

doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.124

Quinoxaline derivatives as attractive electron-transporting materials

Beilstein J Org Chem. 2023 Nov 9:19:1694-1712. doi: 10.3762/bjoc.19.124. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Zeeshan Abid¹, Liaqat Ali¹, Sughra Gulzar¹, Faiza Wahad¹, Raja Shahid Ashraf¹, Christian B Nielsen²

Affiliations

¹ Institute of Chemical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan.
² Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.

Abstract

This review article provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in electron transport materials derived from quinoxaline, along with their applications in various electronic devices. We focus on their utilization in organic solar cells (OSCs), dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), organic-light emitting diodes (OLEDs) and other organic electronic technologies. Notably, the potential of quinoxaline derivatives as non-fullerene acceptors in OSCs, auxiliary acceptors and bridging materials in DSSCs, and n-type semiconductors in transistor devices is discussed in detail. Additionally, their significance as thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters and chromophores for OLEDs, sensors and electrochromic devices is explored. The review emphasizes the remarkable characteristics and versatility of quinoxaline derivatives in electron transport applications. Furthermore, ongoing research efforts aimed at enhancing their performance and addressing key challenges in various applications are presented.

Keywords: electron transport materials; n-type semiconductors; non-fullerene acceptors; organic electronics; quinoxalines.

Publication types

Review

Grants and funding

The authors gratefully acknowledge the Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan for their support through the IRSIP fellowship award and National Research Program for Universities (Project no. 17546), which has facilitated international collaboration and contributed to this publication.