This review article considers the physiology, differential diagnosis and immediate management of vasovagal response, vascular injury and carbon dioxide embolism caused during the creation of the laparoscopic pneumoperitoneum. These pathologies account for over half of all laparoscopic complications and therefore, by taking a systematic approach to these possibly life-threatening events, laparoscopy can become even safer.
Keywords: Carbon dioxide embolism; Laparoscopic complications; Laparoscopic vascular injury; Laparoscopic vasovagal response; Pneumoperitoneum.
© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.