Hesitant adopters: COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among diverse vaccinated adults in the United States

Sharon Reece; Sheena CarlLee; Aaron J Scott; Don E Willis; Brett Rowland; Kristin Larsen; Ijanae Holman-Allgood; Pearl A McElfish

doi:10.1016/j.imj.2023.03.001

Hesitant adopters: COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among diverse vaccinated adults in the United States

Infect Med (Beijing). 2023 Jun;2(2):89-95. doi: 10.1016/j.imj.2023.03.001. Epub 2023 Mar 25.

Authors

Sharon Reece¹, Sheena CarlLee¹, Aaron J Scott², Don E Willis³, Brett Rowland², Kristin Larsen¹, Ijanae Holman-Allgood¹, Pearl A McElfish³

Affiliations

¹ College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, AR 72703, USA.
² Office of Community Health and Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Springdale, AR 72703, USA.
³ College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Springdale, AR 72703, USA.

Abstract

Background: Despite the United States (US) having an abundant supply of COVID-19 vaccines, vaccination rates lag behind other high-income countries, suggesting that vaccine hesitancy and attitudes play a greater role in public health measures than pure supply and access. With the acknowledgment that vaccination attitudes and status may or may not be correlated, this study examined COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among vaccinated US adults by asking: 1) What is the prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among the vaccinated? 2) Does COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy vary across sociodemographic characteristics? 3) Does COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy vary by healthcare access and influenza vaccination over the past 5 years?

Methods: Data were collected through an online survey of 2022 US adults with a final analytic sample of 1383 vaccinated respondents.

Results: Overall, 48.8% of vaccinated adults reported some level of hesitancy, while a slight majority reported they were "not at all hesitant". Younger respondents, women, and Black and American Indian or Alaska Native participants had greater adjusted odds of being more hesitant towards receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. Respondents who had a primary care physician had greater adjusted odds than those who did not have a primary care physician of being more hesitant towards receiving the COVID-19 vaccine.

Conclusions: This is the first population-based national sample study examining COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among vaccinated individuals from subgroups of distinctive backgrounds in order to inform targeted strategies for reducing vaccine hesitancy. Findings can assist in efforts to increase vaccination rates and also decrease vaccine hesitancy at the national level.

Keywords: COVID-19 vaccine; Hesitant adopters; US adults; Vaccine hesitancy.