Correlation analysis between the in vivo bioavailability and in vitro bioaccessibility of nitro PAHs in soil: Application of simplified FOREhST in vitro methods based on the Chinese pharmacopoeia

Xian-Xian Chen; Chao Li; Krishna Kumar Selvaraj; Qing-Song Ji; Zhi-Hong Fang; Shao-Gui Yang; Shi-Yin Li; Li-Min Zhang; Huan He

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168722

Correlation analysis between the in vivo bioavailability and in vitro bioaccessibility of nitro PAHs in soil: Application of simplified FOREhST in vitro methods based on the Chinese pharmacopoeia

Sci Total Environ. 2024 Feb 20:912:168722. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168722. Epub 2023 Nov 24.

Authors

Xian-Xian Chen¹, Chao Li², Krishna Kumar Selvaraj², Qing-Song Ji², Zhi-Hong Fang², Shao-Gui Yang², Shi-Yin Li², Li-Min Zhang³, Huan He⁴

Affiliations

¹ School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Response Technology, Nanjing 210023, China; School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
² School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Response Technology, Nanjing 210023, China.
³ School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Response Technology, Nanjing 210023, China; Green Economy Development Institute, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China.
⁴ School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Response Technology, Nanjing 210023, China; College of Ecological and Resource Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key laboratory of Eco-Industrial Green Technology, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China. Electronic address: huanhe@njnu.edu.cn.

PMID: 38008317
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168722

Abstract

In this study, the relative bioavailability (RBA) of nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) in soil samples (n = 30) was assessed using an in vivo mouse model. Based on the correlation between the bioaccessibility data obtained from the Tenax improved traditional Fed ORganic Estimation human Simulation Test (FOREhST) in vitro method (TITF) and the bioavailability data obtained from in vivo experiments, the TITF method was further optimized and simplified by referring to the "Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China: Volume IV, 2020" to adjust the formulation and parameters of the gastrointestinal fluid (GIF) in order to establish a simpler and lower cost in vitro method for the determination of the bioaccessibilities of NPAHs. The dose-accumulation relationship of the in vivo experiment showed that the linear dose-response was better in adipose tissue (R² = 0.77-0.93), and the accumulation of NPAHs in adipose tissue was higher than that in kidney or liver tissue. Depending on the mouse adipose model, the NPAHs-RBA ranged from 1.88 % to 73.92 %, and a strongly significant negative relationship (R² = 0.94, p < 0.05) was found between the NPAHs-RBA and Log K_ow. The simplified experiment of the TITF showed that the composition of the GIF medium had a significant effect on the bioaccessibilities of NPAHs. The NPAH bioaccessibilities measured by the Tenax improved simplified FOREhST method (TISF) (9.0-36.5 %) were higher than that of the traditional FOREhST method (6.8-22.8 %) but significantly lower than that of the TITF method (16.8-55.2 %). With an increase in the bile concentration in the GIF (from 6 to 10 g/L), the bioaccessibilities of NPAHs increased from 9.0 to 36.5 % to 12.9-42.4 %. The accuracies of the four in vitro methods for predicting the bioavailabilities of NPAHs was in the following order: Tenax improved simplified FOREhST method with increased bile concentration (TITF-IB) (R² = 0.54-0.87) ≈ TITF (R² = 0.55-0.85) > TISF (R² = 0.41-0.77) > FOREhST (R² = 0.02-0.68). These results indicated that the simple in vitro method could also effectively predict the bioavailabilities of NPAHs.

Keywords: Bioaccessibility; Bioavailability; Mice; NPAHs; Soil.

MeSH terms

Animals
Biological Availability
Environmental Monitoring* / methods
Humans
Mice
Nitrates / analysis
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons* / analysis
Soil

Substances

Soil
Nitrates
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons